The Project Gutenberg EBook of Zion National Park, by Various
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Title: Zion National Park
Bryce Canyon, Cedar Breaks, Kaibab Forest, North Rim of Grand Canyon
Author: Various
Release Date: November 19, 2014 [EBook #47397]
Language: English
Character set encoding: UTF-8
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ZION NATIONAL PARK ***
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Copyright 1925 by
W. H. Murray
GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT
Union Pacific System
OMAHA, NEB.
[Illustration: Union Pacific System Overland]
ZION NATIONAL PARK
BRYCE CANYON
CEDAR BREAKS
KAIBAB FOREST
NORTH RIM OF GRAND CANYON
[Illustration: Saddled horse]
ISSUED BY THE
Union Pacific System
[Illustration: _The Great White Throne from West Rim Trail, Zion
National Park_]
[Illustration: _Panorama of Zion Canyon_]
The Land of Flaming Canyons and Jeweled Amphitheatres
_Touched by a light that hath no name,_
_A glory never sung,_
_Aloft on sky and mountain wall,_
_Are God’s great pictures hung._
--_Whittier_
Southward from the thirty-eighth parallel of latitude the surface of
Western Utah descends in magnificent “Cyclopean steps” from the
flattened summits of the Wasatch Mountains, 11,000 feet high, to 3,000
feet at the _Rio Virgen_, then ascends gently in Arizona to the colossal
arch of the Kaibab Plateau, 9,000 feet in elevation and overlooking the
Grand Canyon. These Titanic terraces and palisaded plateaus, more
particularly the flaming canyons and jeweled amphitheatres cut from
their color-saturated rock layers, form scenic spectacles without peer
or rival on the globe. Nothing else is comparable to these wonderlands.
To see them is both a thrilling adventure and an artistic delight.
Measured by civilization’s yardstick, the unknown land in which they lie
is a frontier, still in the pioneer stage of existence. It is not so
long since the forts along the way actually repelled Indian attacks; it
is not so far to fastnesses where cougars come forth to prey on deer, or
to desert valleys where wild mustangs range. On the edge of the plains
are ruins of primitive dwellings of which the modern Indian knows
nothing; in many a secluded canyon are the more inscrutable habitations
of the cliff dwellers. The indomitable ranchers have built quaint,
poplar-shaded villages with homes of adobe, and their farms are often
fenced with stone.
[Illustration: _The Watchman, Zion National Park_]
It is a mysterious land of purple sage and empurpled distances, of
incredible color, of sun-magic and the wizardry of wind and water. It is
a place to drink in beauty, to form new conceptions of the divine.
Geologists recognize three subdivisions of the region from north to
south: the High Plateaus; the Terraced Plateaus; the Grand Canyon
Platform. From Cedar Breaks on the High Plateau it is more than 100
miles to Bright Angel Point on Grand Canyon’s rim; from Hurricane Ledge
on the west, eastward to the Colorado River is more than 100 miles.
The country reveals fascinating chapters of geologic history. It is a
region that has undergone great transitions, alternately sea bottom and
mountain top; a region broken and tilted by tremendous displacements; a
region scorched and branded by intense volcanic action; but more than
all else, from the viewpoint of human interest, a region profoundly
sculptured and given its most distinctive character by the
beauty-creating genius of erosion.
From Cedar Breaks, cut into mountains 11,000 feet high, the vision has a
sweep of 100 miles, and the vast terraces may be seen thrust out to the
south like promontories into the sea. Where one succeeds another, the
uppermost presents sinuous cliff walls, hundreds of miles in length and
superbly distinctive in color and carving. More than 10,000 feet of
strata are exposed, “a library of the ages in vivid bindings” that
contains the fossil remains of creatures since the morning of life on
earth. Each step down indicates the removal, by streams, rain, frost and
wind, of all the rock-layers above it. From the Grand Canyon Platform,
these 10,000 feet of strata have been completely swept away.[1]
The highest of the Terraced Plateaus, the Markagunt and Paunsaugunt, in
which Cedar Breaks and Bryce Canyon lie, break down in spired palisades
of the Pink Cliffs, endless in sculptured variety. Beneath the Markagunt
the southern scarps of the Kolob Plateau, into which flaming Zion Canyon
is sunk, form noble cliffs of pure, reposeful white. The next step
downward displays the glowing Vermilion Cliffs, castellated with ornate
prodigality and perhaps the grandest of all. Lower still are the
Shinarump Cliffs, banded with reds, browns, yellows, greens and purples.
Between them and the Kaibab lies a stretch of desert like a flattened
rainbow. Such is the strange, magnificent and colorful structure of the
land.
[Illustration: _Angels Landing, Zion National Park_]
Zion Canyon is a profound gorge with the colors of blood, fire and snow,
a matchless carving by the greatest of all sculptors, erosion. Several
of its mighty rock temples rank with the most majestic masses in the
land. The variety of its endless etchings, the exquisite harmonies of
its painted precipices, the sustained grandeur of its stupendous buttes
and walls, its glorious cycle of color from dawn to sunset are sources
of undimmed delight to the artistic instinct within everyone. It has one
aspect of beauty from its green-garbed floor, another from its dizzy rim
of white; from the dusky depths of the Narrows the dominant sensation is
soul-gripping awe.
Zion National Park includes other canyons of extraordinary interest, and
the entire terrace-top of the broad Kolob Plateau is a domain of
incredibly fantastic formations.
Cedar Breaks, the highest of Utah’s jeweled amphitheatres, is a place of
wild and lofty beauty, a series of vast sculptured basins sunk into the
summits of the mountains. Endless outflung bastions and buttresses,
supporting towers, parapets and craggy spires, parade from the rim down
into the painted abyss where, dotted by the green of pines, red, orange,
yellow, purple and white are banded and splashed in a symphony of color
literally unbelievable till the eyes confirm.
Bryce Canyon also is an amphitheatre, a richer, more compacted bit of
resplendence. You hardly believe that Bryce Canyon exists until you have
gazed many times; so amazing is its beauty that it seems like the
flashing vision of a dream. It is something heretofore unknown and
unsuspected in scenery--a miracle of erosion, a peerless fantasy of
color. From its depths, in pairs, in groups, in clusters, in hosts and
in myriads, leap to the eyes the most amazingly bizarre forms, slender,
dainty, bulky, grotesque--a bewildering combination of heaven and hell
in which the angelic easily predominates. These myriad forms, human,
animal and geometrical, lighted with unearthly radiance, seem to dance
from their celestial castles and gorgeous grottoes to meet the beholder.
Bryce contains all that architecture, all that sculpture knows, in one
great glory hole painted pink, red, white, orange and purple.
[Illustration: _East Temple and the Twin Brothers, Zion National Park_]
What magic the morning and the evening sun performs on the pigmented
palisades of this unique land! A dull rust red a moment ago, that
distant peristyle now glows like fiery embers; the whites are more
dazzlingly white and caressingly soft; the orange tones are enriched;
the purple shadows swarm like birds. Colors flit mysteriously from
salient to salient as if some one back stage were focusing spotlights.
Dormant, crouching bulks rise, stretch and add to their girths, decking
themselves in their most splendid raiment to bid farewell to the master
of ceremonies, the vivifying sun.
Farther to the south is the Kaibab Forest and the North Rim of Grand
Canyon, remote from traveled ways. Kaibab National Forest is the largest
and most beautiful virgin forest in the United States. Beneath the
stately pines, spruces and firs, the grassy forest floor is as clean as
a carefully groomed lawn, and there are many open parks, aspen
encircled, of bewitching charm. Numberless deer roam unmolested through
this fairy forest and the rare white-tailed squirrel flits ghostlike
through its aisles. There Roosevelt hunted and discriminating
beauty-lovers have sought the region for years.
Words are of little avail to describe the Grand Canyon. Across the great
plateau the Colorado River has cut a series of canyons about 220 miles
long, a mile in depth and twelve miles in width. The Kaibab division is
the deepest and wildest part of the Grand Canyon and presents its
sublimest scenes. On the North Rim are some of the most celebrated of
all the viewpoints, though known only to a few hundred adventurous
travelers--Bright Angel Point, Point Sublime, Point Imperial, Cape Final
and Cape Royal.
The way is now prepared for you to see these miracle places of America
in comfort.
[Illustration: _The Temple of Sinawava, Zion National Park_]
Cedar City to Zion National Park
The highway southward from Cedar City (the Zion Park Highway) is on the
floor of an arm of prehistoric Lake Bonneville. This is the Great Basin
region, a sort of prison for running water because none of its streams
ever reach the sea. In the east are the steep scarps of the Markagunt
and Kolob Plateaus limited by a tremendous fault plane, the Hurricane
Ledge; in the west are the Iron Mountains, veritable masses of iron ore;
in the south are the lofty, majestic Pine Valley Mountains, extinct
volcanoes whose dark, wrinkled summits exceed 10,000 feet in elevation.
Hamilton’s Fort, a few miles from Cedar City, was once a frontier
outpost, the scene of several battles with Indians. Near the village of
Kanarra the route passes over the rim of the Great Basin and enters the
Colorado River watershed. Here Hurricane Ledge lifts more sharply into
prominence, a precipitous rampart of gray and red rock mottled by piñons
and junipers. The surface on which the road lies is the same as that on
top of the ledge; the land in the valley either dropped hundreds of feet
or the plateau was upthrust an equal distance. Hurricane Fault, as
geologists call it, is the most striking displacement in the West. It
extends from the volcanic Tushar Mountains, north of Cedar City, along
the base of the Markagunt Plateau and southward across the Grand Canyon,
a total distance of more than 200 miles.
[Illustration: _Looking Toward the Narrows, Zion National Park_]
The road now follows Ash Creek, a tributary of the Virgin, over lava
flows where prickly pears, pin-cushion cacti, yucca, torchweed and
miner’s candlesticks grow among the sage brush. Thereabouts the first
view is had of the Valley of the Virgin, Utah’s “Dixie,” a tumbled
region of low mesas, black volcanic cones, lava fields and dunes of
cherry-red sand, settled by Mormon colonists in 1858. This “Dixie”
section of Utah, about 3,000 feet in elevation, is sub-tropical in
climate, grows a large variety of agricultural products including cotton
and tobacco, and its poplar-shaded villages have a quaintness suggestive
of foreign lands. One of the most picturesque communities is
Toquerville, named after an Indian chief, and where the automobiles stop
so that the traveler may purchase for small sums an amazing variety of
delicious fruit: figs, pomegranates, grapes, melons, almonds, peaches,
pears, plums and apricots. Along the village street, with its double row
of poplars planted as windbreaks, are odd houses of adobe fenced with
stone, seemingly asleep beneath their luxuriant fig trees; irrigation
streams gurgle and sing with the cool seduction of flowing water in an
arid land. The scene has a pastoral air of Biblical peace and plenty.
Three miles south, the Harding Highway crosses La Verkin Creek, turns
eastward, and begins to climb.
[Illustration: _The Three Patriarchs, Zion National Park_]
In an instant the scene changes completely. Long, buttressed and fretted
mesa promontories parade solemnly into view, an endless array of
marching mountains banded with buff, red, pink and gray, mountains that
seem to have come from nowhere. Soon arises across the gray-green sage
the huge rock cathedral called Smithsonian Butte, spired with silver and
gray; and then, instantaneously dominating the entire landscape, there
appears, at the gates of Zion, the West Temple of the Virgin. The
transcendent beauty of this tremendous tinted temple of stone is best
realized when irradiated by the morning or afternoon sun. The southern
facade of the structure forms a sundial for the villages near by. The
finest description is that of Captain C. E. Dutton, a celebrated
geologist who, while in the service of the government, wrote in 1880:
Captain Dutton’s Description of the West Temple and the Gates of Zion
(_Somewhat Abridged_)
“In an hour’s time, we reached the crest of the isthmus, and in an
instant there flashed before us a scene never to be forgotten. In coming
time it will, I believe, take rank with a very small number of
spectacles each of which will, in its own way, be regarded as the most
exquisite of its kind which the world discloses.
[Illustration: _The Great White Throne, Zion National Park_]
“Across the canyon stands the central and commanding object of the
picture, the Western Temple, rising 4,000 feet above the river. Its
glorious summit was the object we had seen an hour before, and now the
matchless beauty and majesty of its vast mass is all before us. Yet it
is only the central object of a mighty throng of structures wrought up
to the same exalted style and filling up the entire panorama. Right
opposite us are the two principal forks of the Virgin, the Parunuweap
coming from the east, and the Mukuntuweap, or Little Zion Valley,
descending from the north. The Parunuweap is seen emerging through a
stupendous gateway and chasm nearly 3,000 feet in depth. The further
wall of this canyon swings northward and becomes the eastern wall of
Little Zion Valley. As it sweeps down the Parunuweap, it breaks into
great pediments covered all over with the richest carving. The effect is
much like that which the architect of the Milan Cathedral appears to
have designed, though here it is vividly suggested rather than fully
realized. The sumptuous, bewildering, mazy effect is all there, but when
we attempt to analyze it in detail it eludes us.
[Illustration: _Distant View of the West Temple of the Virgin, Zion
National Park_]
“The flank of the wall receding up the Mukuntuweap is for a mile or two
similarly decorated, but soon breaks into new forms much more impressive
and wonderful. A row of towers half a mile high is quarried out of the
palisade and stands well advanced from its face. There is an eloquence
to their forms which stirs the imagination with singular power and
kindles in the mind of the dullest observer a glowing response.
“Directly in front of us a complex group of white towers, springing from
a central pile, mounts upward to the clouds. Out of their midst, and
high over all, rises a dome-like mass which dominates the entire
landscape. It is almost pure white, with brilliant streaks of carmine
descending its vertical walls. At the summit it is truncated and a flat
tablet is laid upon the top, showing its edge of deep red. It is
impossible to liken this object to any familiar shape, for it resembles
none. Yet its shape is far from being indefinite; on the contrary it has
definiteness and individuality which extort an exclamation of surprise
when first beheld. Call it a dome; not because it has the ordinary shape
of such a structure but because it performs the functions of a dome.
“The towers which surround it are of inferior mass and altitude, but
each is a study of fine form and architectural effect. They are white
above and change to rich red below. Dome and towers are planted upon a
substructure no less admirable. A curtain wall 1,400 feet high descends
vertically from the eaves of the temples and is succeeded by a steep
slope of ever-widening base-courses leading down to the esplanade below.
The curtain wall is decorated with a lavish display of vertical
mouldings, and the ridges, eaves and mitred angles are fretted with
serrated cusps. This ornamentation is repetitive, not symmetrical. But
though exact symmetry is wanting, Nature has here brought home to us the
truth that symmetry is only one of an infinite range of devices by which
beauty can be realized.
_And finer forms are in the quarry_
_Than ever Angelo evoked!_
“Nothing can exceed the wondrous beauty of Little Zion Valley, which
separates the two temples and their respective groups of towers.”
[Illustration: _West Rim Trail, Zion National Park_]
But the traveler has not yet reached the gates of Zion, although distant
views continue to appear and disappear. The Virgin River is now near at
hand on the right, a swift, moody, meandering stream whose red waters
are the creators of the fertile farms along its banks and sometimes
their destroyers. The foreground landscape is red, although the broad,
sloping buttresses of the mesas, folded, fluted and flounced _ad
infinitum_, display buffs, yellows, grays, browns and purples.
[Illustration: _Sentinel Peak, Zion National Park_]
Near Virgin City there is a view northeastward of sensational Guardian
Angel Pass. Across Great West Canyon, apparently, stands an immense dam
of rock cleft by a rectangular aperture as regular as if cut by
engineers; surmounting the barrier are two towering white cones, the
ghostly guardians of the gap. Another fascinating feature of the
panorama is the complex convergence of the battlemented mesa
promontories from all directions except the south; these carved and
tinted headlands actually seem to advance upon the beholder. In the east
are the pinnacled spires of the Eagle Crags, shattered to dagger
sharpness.
Rockville, another village beside the Virgin, was founded by Mormon
pioneers in 1861, and was long an important telegraph station. There is
a petrified forest in the vicinity.
About five miles beyond, the two profound chasms, the Mukuntuweap (Zion)
and the Parunuweap, converge; and the two sublime domes, the East and
West Temples, with their incredible crests of crimson bleeding down
their pale precipices, soar above the rushing waters. Springdale, the
last Mormon hamlet, is passed; then the Ranger Station at the southern
boundary of Zion National Park.
[Illustration: _The Great Bend of the Mukuntuweap, Zion National Park_]
Zion National Park
Legend and History
Zion National Park is a roughly quadrangular area of approximately 120
square miles, sixty-four miles by highway from Cedar City, and sixty
miles on an air line north of the rim of Grand Canyon. It was set apart
as a National Monument under its Indian name, _Mukuntuweap_, in 1909. In
1919 its area was enlarged, its name was changed to that given it by the
Mormon pioneers, and it was made a National Park.
There are cliff dwelling ruins in Zion Canyon, more in Parunuweap
Canyon, and the modern Indians had a reverent acquaintance with its
solemn amphitheatres. Several interpretations are given of its Indian
name, _Mukuntuweap_. Major Powell translated it “straight canyon;”
another interpretation is “place of many waters;” still another is
“place of the gods.” One legend declares that the Paru-sha-pats Indians
once saw a light upon the West Temple and supposed it to be a signal
fire to warn them of a Navajo raid. But they found that the West Temple
is unscalable and decided that friendly rock spirits had produced a
supernatural incandescence; and so, to them, it was “Rock-rover’s Land.”
It is certain that the Indians regarded Zion Canyon as a place sacred to
spiritual beings; they laid their propitiatory offerings of flesh and
fruit at the foot of the crimson crags of Sinawava and none would spend
a night in their shadows.
Mormon colonists entered the region about 1858, began its patient
reclamation by irrigation, and named the marvelous canyon Little Zion.
Major Powell, the famous explorer-geologist reconnoitered the country in
1870. A few years later Captain Dutton studied it and in “The Tertiary
History of the Grand Canyon District,” now out of print, presented a
picture that is “a classic of inspired description.” From that time
until 1909, except for the visits of a few artists and travelers of the
adventurous type, Zion was practically unknown. It may now be visited in
perfect comfort. Several colleges have sent classes there for summer
study.
[Illustration: _The Mountain of Mystery, Zion National Park_]
Description
The outstanding feature of Zion National Park is Zion Canyon, the
stupendous red and white gorge cut by the Mukuntuweap River from the
Kolob Plateau through more than 3,000 feet of the Jurassic sandstones of
the White and Vermilion cliffs and down into lower beds of mauve
sandstone and shales of purple and red. The floor of Zion is 4,100 feet
above sea level; the dome of the West Temple rises to 7,650 feet. The
canyon is about fourteen miles long and varies in width from about a
mile at Springdale to scarcely more than the reach of a man’s
outstretched hands in the upper Narrows where the river has cut a
channel under the towering cliffs. Imagine, if you can, the overwhelming
effect of these painted precipices, nearly 2,000 feet high and both
close enough to be touched without moving.
[Illustration: _The Temples of Zion_]
In places the canyon widens into courts and shrines of bewitching
beauty, such as the Court of the Patriarchs and the Temple of Sinawava.
From the vermilion walls have been chiseled individual buttes and peaks
of monstrous greatness and surpassing majesty, among them Angels
Landing, the Great White Throne and the Mountain of Mystery. And these
soaring scarps and summits present such varied tints and hues of red
that the expert in pigments is bewildered; from the delicate pink of a
baby’s cheek to deepest carmine, and beyond--from bittersweet and orient
pink through orange chrome, flame-scarlet, vermilion, jasper, Pompeiian
red and Indian lake to mahogany, ox-blood, maroon and a red that is
almost black. In places the walls are topped with creamy white and the
green of pines. Everywhere they exhibit a wizardry of massive sculpture.
The deep-set river is bordered with the verdure of cottonwoods,
box-elders, pines, ferns and flowering shrubs; in mossy caves curtained
by little waterfalls, deer cradle their fawns. The radiance of the
morning and evening sun upon the tinted towers of Zion is among the
finest of its spectacles.
Standing upon the edge of the Park near Springdale is The Watchman, a
stately cathedral-like pile of red sandstone. About a mile beyond is
Bridge Mountain upon whose upper slope may be discerned a great bow of
stone, a natural bridge with a span of 100 feet. Among the Towers of the
Virgin stands the Altar of Sacrifice, a buttressed white fane whose
summit and wall are stained deep with flowing crimson, suggesting the
bloody sacrificial place of some insatiable pagan god. The East Temple,
on the right, is a splendid structure of pink and white surmounted by a
carmine capstone.
On the left is the Streaked Wall bearing strange white cones, and beyond
it is Sentinel Peak. The west wall then recedes to form the fine Court
of the Patriarchs whence rise the three stately Patriarchs themselves,
jagged pink and white pyramids. Above the east wall stand the Twin
Brothers and the Mountain-of-the-Sun, the latter the first to glow in
the light of dawn, the last to hold the evening rays. Lady Mountain, Mt.
Majestic and Red Arch Mountain next appear, and Angels Landing, a
sharp-shorn, pyramidal wedge of Pompeiian red that projects boldly into
the canyon and throws off from its foot a fluted ox-blood mass called
the Great Organ. Round this the river winds in a serpentine semicircle.
[Illustration: _On the West Rim, Zion National Park_]
The Great White Throne
Just below the great bend in the Mukuntuweap River looms an isolated
rock temple of prodigious bulk and imperial majesty, a truncated pyramid
or mayhap a flattened dome, its lower half red, its upper half tinting
from rosy buff to white, a forest of tall pines, acres in extent, upon
its untrodden summit. This colossal butte, “one of the world’s great
rocks,” is seen most effectively from the Temple of Sinawava, through
the inverted maroon arch between the Great Organ and Angels Landing. It
appears completely detached from the east wall, aloof and unscalable.
While it has not been officially measured, its crest is probably more
than 3,000 feet above the river.
[Illustration: _In the Narrows, Zion National Park_]
To the north is Cable Mountain, whence a rope of steel wire conveys
lumber to the valley from the forested plateau. Between it and the next
peak is Raining Cave and the site of a cliff dwelling.
The Temple of Sinawava
Beyond the bend the precipices of jasper red confine a flower-dotted
meadow shaded by trees, where sphinx-like figures, colossi, and
shattered pylons of warm and sombre reds suggest the Egyptian ruins at
Karnak and Thebes. Several obelisks rise isolated from the gardens of
the shrine. This is the beautiful Temple of Sinawava, the last of the
courts as one ascends the Canyon. It was here that President Harding
paid his tribute to Zion in 1923.
The Narrows
Half a mile beyond, the dragon’s-blood precipices become more
perpendicular and close in toward each other until the gorge seems
blocked, but a turn opens new vistas. Now, it is no more than
seventy-five feet from cliff to cliff and the stream stretches from wall
to wall. But there is one last glorious picture for those who must turn
back. A short distance farther up the gorge soars a slender, ethereal
cone of pink and white, a peak of such appealing symmetry and delicate
tints, so lofty and aspiring, that it evokes a cry of admiration. It is
the Mountain of Mystery.
[Illustration: _One of the Amphitheatres of Cedar Breaks_]
The Wet Trail
The Canyon continues some eight miles farther, but its exploration is
only for the adventurous few. There is no trail but the winding river
which reaches from wall to wall; sudden rainstorms send between the
scarred and splintered cliffs a resistless torrent of water. With a
competent guide those in search of unusual thrills may ride horseback
several miles into the deep sunless cleft where great pendants of rock
overhang and shut out the sky; where the churning stream in flood has
left intricate cameos and arabesques upon the sandstone; where little
waterfalls leap from green ledges; where one may almost touch both
sombre walls with outstretched hands; where the stars may be seen by
day. Many a time the canyon seems to end with prison-like finality and
the sky seems lost forever. It is a travel adventure that may not be had
elsewhere and one never forgotten.
Zion from the Rims
Seen from above, the aspect of Zion is wholly different. Instead of a
relatively straight and orderly canyon dominantly red in color, it
becomes a fantastic maze of white and variegated buttes and cones. Mr.
Hal G. Evarts thus described in _The Saturday Evening Post_ his
impressions from the West Rim:
“It seemed that we gazed out across some vast oriental city that
stretched away for a dozen miles. Scores of gaudy mosques and tinted
towers, striped citadels topped by flat-roof gardens rose in countless
tiers from this congested, painted metropolis.... And the coloring!
Imagine a tremendous city of spires and turrets ..., its buildings
catching every dazzling reflection of the sunset.... There were soft
apricot and salmon tints, vague pinks and creams; lemon blending into
deepest orange, ... with here and there a haunting suggestion of pale
mauve. Brilliant red spires stood beside domes of ivory white. In many
of these fairy structures the stratifications pitched so abruptly as to
lend a spiralling, barber-pole effect....”
And Zion Canyon is but a part of Zion National Park.
[Illustration: _The Painted Buttresses of Cedar Breaks_]
Cedar City to Cedar Breaks
Cedar Breaks is twenty-three miles by highway east of Cedar City and
four-fifths of a mile nearer the sky. Immediately east of the town the
road enters the rugged gorge of Coal Creek, its slopes covered with fine
forests of conifers and aspens. The walls assume impressive castellated
forms that are especially striking at the mouth of Ashdown Gorge, eight
miles distant. Ashdown Gorge is an extremely narrow, tortuous and
precipitous rift in the plateau, down which rushes a sparkling stream
from the vast furrows of Cedar Breaks. About one mile from the mouth and
high up the precipice is a natural bridge with an arch of about sixty
feet and a span of about seventy feet.
Following Coal Creek, ever upward, the road presently occupies a shelf
upon the shoulder of the Markagunt Plateau whence are revealed glorious
and almost illimitable panoramas. The whole sweep of the Terraced
Plateau country to the south is visible. Some twenty-five miles directly
south, slashed into the green of the Kolob Plateau, are the mazy,
white-topped temples and towers of Zion, the grand West Temple
dominating the scene. The sinuous profiles of the Pink, White and
Vermilion Cliffs are discernible; the hazy arch of the Kaibab; and the
misty dome of Navajo Mountain, beyond the Colorado. Several volcanic
peaks are in the foreground.
This immense range of visibility is one of the strong attractions of the
Terraced Plateau country; one sees again and again, in new and startling
aspects, the salient features of hundreds of square miles of territory
and its spectacular geological structure.
At Midway the road turns northward for three miles through stately
pines, firs and spruces and comes without warning to the abyss named
Cedar Breaks.
[Illustration: _Cedar Breaks_]
Cedar Breaks
Cedar Breaks is a series of vast amphitheatres eroded to a depth of
2,000 feet into the Pink Cliff formation at the summit of the Markagunt
Plateau and covering an area of approximately sixty square miles in the
Sevier National Forest. Its forested rim, 10,300 feet in elevation, has
been etched back into Blowhard Mountain and adjacent eminences; and a
short distance to the north the blunted volcanic crest of Brian Head
rises 900 feet higher, affording a panorama of practically all of
southern Utah, Nevada and northern Arizona.
Within its limitless labyrinths countless millions of grotesque and
magnificent architectural forms, anointed with all the colors of the
spectrum, flash into the eyes of the beholder. The erosional structures
are blends of Egyptian and massive medieval Gothic walls, modified in a
thousand surprising and original details, and rising generally from
far-flung, wedge-shaped base courses of white and orange. The colors
change marvelously in response to the sun; pink is dominant, though, at
times, orange tones seem to prevail. In broad aspect the color scheme is
pink, red, orange, yellow, white, lavender and purple, with intermediate
tints and hues that would form a dictionary of pigments; and on the
countless scalloped slopes appears the green of spruces, firs and pines.
An artist has counted more than sixty tints in Cedar Breaks.
There are six or seven great amphitheatres, semicircular or
three-quarter circles in shape, with sharp ridges radiating from rim to
center; the few trails into the abysmal serrate basins are faint and
obscure, yet the descent with a guide offers unsuspected marvels; then
only does one comprehend the immensity and the variety of Cedar Breaks.
Along the rims are several easily reached viewpoints, among them Point
Supreme and Point Perfection. Conspicuous in the welter of forms below
are innumerable red, castellated bastions in parallel rows; long,
writhing dragon-like forms of pure white; and huge sprawling dinosaurs
covered with blood. For all its beauty, the place might appropriately
have been the habitat of prehistoric monsters. The panoramas westward
across the deserts of the Great Basin are notably fine.
[Illustration: _On the Rim, Cedar Breaks_]
In vastness, in variety of color, in wild grandeur, Cedar Breaks is the
greatest of Utah’s painted amphitheatres.
Cedar Breaks to Bryce Canyon
It is seventy miles from Cedar Breaks to Bryce Canyon. Crossing the
broad summit of the Markagunt Plateau the highway traverses fine
coniferous forests that frequently open into charming “parks,” and
passes great areas covered with lava from Hancock Peak and the adjacent
extinct volcanoes. Navajo Lake, a beautiful mountain tarn encircled by
pines and a noted fishing water, is about eight miles beyond Midway.
[Illustration: _One of the Countless Castles of Bryce Canyon_]
Soon pretty Duck Creek, rising in full power from a fine spring and
filled with trout, parallels the highway for several miles, then
disappears under the volcanic rock. At the crossing of Strawberry Gulch
a little used trail extends southward to Strawberry Point, a famous
observation place on the Pink Cliffs. The main highway is alternately
surfaced with white, pink and red rock, a painted road in a land of
color.
At Cedar Breaks Junction, the route turns north, following the head
waters of the Sevier River, one of the most important streams of the
Great Basin; to the eastward, in the vicinity of Hatch, vistas of the
Pink Cliffs appear. Then the road crosses the Sevier and enters Red
Canyon.
The rich red turrets and towers at this canyon gateway are harmonious
introductions to the greater glories of Bryce. Once within its narrow
defile, the superb portal broadens into a little pine-dotted valley and
its walls display hundreds of spires, windowed walls, bridges, columns
and statue-like shapes of pink and ruby. The road, often running through
arches in the red cliffs, is as smooth as a boulevard. Next, the route
leads out upon the level, treeless surface of the Paunsaugunt Plateau,
and comes with startling unexpectedness to one of the splendid
amphitheatres of the Pahreah Basin.
[Illustration: _Bryce Canyon National Monument_]
Bryce Canyon National Monument
Probably Bryce Canyon is the most astonishing blend of exquisite beauty
and grotesque grandeur that the forces of erosion have ever produced. In
one aspect it is a gorgeous lacework design of frost and fire, the
playground of sylphs and fairies; in another it is a smoldering inferno
habited by goblins and demons; again, it seems as if some cataclysmic
force had shuffled together a dozen oriental cities into one spectacular
municipality. The joyous prevailing colors of this immense bowl of
luminous, flickering filigree heaped with jewels, are pink, red, orange,
purple, yellow and white; to these may be added as many other tints and
tones as one has patience to distinguish. Though Bryce is immense, yet
it is intimate, presenting to the eye a scintillating coral intaglio of
bizarre but definite plan, overspread with a halo of lavender mist.
It is not a canyon, but an amphitheatre of horseshoe shape, graven 1,000
feet deep into the sandstones on the eastern edge of the Paunsaugunt
Plateau, at the headwaters of the Pahreah River; it is approximately two
miles wide and three miles long and its rim is 8,000 feet in elevation.
The area of Bryce Canyon National Monument, which was created in 1923
and is administered by the _U. S. Department of Agriculture_, is 7,440
acres.
In the maze of architecture uprising from Bryce’s sunken gardens, where
pine, spruce and manzanita spread their greens, there are the styles of
China and Egypt, of the Toltecs, Incas, Greeks and Goths; but stronger,
perhaps, is the resemblance to those decaying Dravidian temples,
bursting with decoration, in the jungles of Burmah and Java: pagodas,
mosques, minarets, kiosks, fairy castles, cathedrals, theatres, flying
buttresses and stairways, suspension bridges, niched and fenestrated
walls, peristyles, colonnades, lotus columns, leaning towers, slim
spires, massive pylons, pyramids, obelisks, pilasters capped by tilted
disks, cones supporting cones, organs, shrines and altars. All of the
architects of antiquity might have drawn their inspiration from the
silent cities of Bryce.
And these dream-tissue cities in the realm of muted mystery have weird
inhabitants statued in variegated stone: giants and gnomes, popes and
queens, kneeling penitents, companies of marching soldiers, gargoyles,
fauns, satyrs, nymphs, witches, horses, dogs, lizards, frogs and
turtles--figures that seem to move, sway and posture in the flashing
play of light and shadow. The least vivid imagination needs a checkrein.
[Illustration: This map in a higher resolution]
[Illustration: _The Cathedral, Bryce Canyon_]
In the east, on a headland of the Table Cliffs, an outlier of the vast
Aquarius Plateau, the mesa rises by ramps and colonnades of pink and
buff to a level esplanade where stand a dozen glorified
Acropolises,--façades, friezes, pillars and porticoes, in ruins of rosy
marble. There, as everywhere, the marionettes of the sun continually
perform their evanescent dances. And this is but a vista chosen at
random from a hundred glorious panoramas.
Farther in the east, the amphitheatre opens out to make way for the
headstreams of the Pahreah River; the green fields surrounding the
village of Tropic may be seen and the ramparts of the Kaiparowitz
Plateau.
Bryce should be seen from the west rim in the morning, from the east rim
in the afternoon. The exquisite pageant of shimmering tints begins when
dawn thrusts the first spears of light into the abysses. The best
effects are obtained when the formations are between the beholder and
the sun; it is then that the mysterious, lambent flames flicker in the
distant temples and play upon altars and columns, warming them into
living, glowing color. Trails extend in both directions along the rim of
the Canyon from Bryce Lodge and the vistas change with almost every step
taken.
Sunset upon Bryce Canyon is another breath-taking manifestation of
Nature’s magic, followed by a solemn twilight of the innumerable gods
that dwell there in pomp and splendor. The visitor should see both dawn
and dusk transform the great amphitheatre, and should see it sleeping in
the noonday light.
Every visitor should take the trail into the depths of Bryce Canyon,
either on foot or horseback. Lacy designs and dainty figures, seen from
the rim, assume huge proportions when one is amongst them; there are
sunless grottoes and shadowed crypts, wafer walls pierced by many
windows, artists’ studios filled with half-finished models and
figurines, innumerable fantastic forms in bronze, jasper, ruby amethyst,
topaz and alabaster. Each turn in every innumerable aisle, alley and
corridor on Bryce’s intricate floor has its charming revelations of
unimagined contour and color.
[Illustration: _Trail into Bryce Canyon_]
[Illustration: _Pillars of Pegasus, Bryce Canyon_]
Zion Canyon to Kaibab Forest and North Rim of Grand Canyon
The highway crosses the _Rio Virgen_ at Rockville and climbs the
plateau, whence splendid views may be had of the Temples of Zion. Near
the Arizona boundary appear the magnificent Vermilion Cliffs which
stretch across Southern Utah for great distances; they present the
arresting architectural effects of vast castles and cathedrals colored
rich red which becomes vivid vermilion in the afternoon sun.
After crossing Short Creek into Arizona the immense blue arch of the
Kaibab Plateau becomes more prominent and Mt. Trumbull, an extinct
volcano overlooking Grand Canyon, looms in the purple distance. Upon
this stretch of fascinating desert range many wild horses, direct
descendants, perhaps, of those brought to America by the Spaniards. On
Cedar Ridge is a petrified forest.
The road follows the Vermilion Cliffs eastward through the Kaibab Indian
Reservation to Pipe Spring, a celebrated oasis on the plains, created a
National Monument in 1923. The two historic stone buildings standing
there were erected more than fifty years ago in fortress style for
protection from the Indians; from beneath one house flows the finest and
purest spring in all this frontier domain, daily discharging 100,000
gallons of cool water.
At Pipe Spring, the Vermilion Cliffs recede northward and give place to
the Shinarump Cliffs, banded with gorgeous colors--red, brown, lavender,
chocolate and white. A conspicuous butte seen approaching Fredonia is
The Battleship. Fredonia is a pretty little Mormon community of 300
inhabitants and the only town in Arizona north of the Grand Canyon.
Between Fredonia and the Kaibab is one of the most picturesque and
exquisitely colored stretches of upland in America. Whites, blacks,
browns, yellows, pinks, purples, reds and all their pale intermediate
tints are splashed over these prismatic plains, where cactus, yucca,
piñon, sage and cedar somehow find sustenance.
Almost imperceptibly, the automobile has climbed the gentle slopes of
the Kaibab. Looking backward to the north one of the grandest spectacles
of the Plateau Country is unfolded. Nearly 10,000 feet of terraced rock
layers are exposed edgewise across a frontage of some sixty miles. A
glorious panorama, these painted precipices! First the rainbow
Shinarump, then the Vermilion, White and Pink cliffs, tier upon tier and
hundreds of miles in convoluted length, all shining and shifting in the
sun.
[Illustration: _Bryce Canyon from Inspiration Point_]
[Illustration: _The Temple of Osiris, Bryce Canyon_]
Kaibab National Forest
Beautiful as are the plains, the transition to the limitless park-like
forests of the Kaibab is a welcome delight. Kaibab is a Piute Indian
word meaning “Mountain-lying-down,” a description that fits it well. It
is actually a vast plateau, some fifty miles long and thirty-five miles
wide, and containing 500 square miles of yellow pine, fir and spruce
diversified by charming aspen copses, the largest and most beautiful
virgin forest in the United States. In elevation it rises from 7,500 to
9,300 feet above sea level.
Kaibab Forest occupies the top of a lofty plateau isolated on the south
and east by the Grand Canyon, on the north and west by the mysterious
plains above which it rises 5,000 feet. On all sides are unexplored
plateaus and canyons where untouched cliff dwellings stand. Beneath its
stately trees the grassy forest floor is free from underbrush and fallen
timber, as clean as if raked daily by ten thousand foresters; and,
although they are not widely distributed, there are many lovely wild
flowers and ferns. Scattered throughout its great extent are spacious
“parks,” green-swarded, treeless open spaces bordered by white-boled,
quivering aspens, the advancing light cavalry of an innumerable army of
deploying pines. The witchery of these sylvan plaisances is wholly
irresistible; they seem designed for parades and pageants, for the
light-hearted moods of man and beast.
And so, indeed, they are employed. Afternoon and morning they are the
gathering places of many of the 30,000 black-tail mule deer that range
unfrightened through the forest. They do not require patient stalking to
be seen; crossing the forest one may usually count several hundred
haughty bucks, solicitous does, and adorable prancing fawns of exquisite
grace. Their only enemies are the cougars, much reduced in number by
“Uncle” Jimmy Owens, the government hunter who was Roosevelt’s guide,
and other official huntsmen. Second in interest of the Kaibab’s
creatures is the white-tailed squirrel (_Sciurus Kaibabensis_) which may
ordinarily be seen flickering through the forest near Jacobs Lake Ranger
Station. This is the most beautiful squirrel in the Western Hemisphere,
and one of the rarest, for it lives nowhere else. It is about the size
of a large gray squirrel, though shorter and stockier, is dark bluish
gray marked with brown, has long tufted ears and a broad feathery tail
that is almost pure white. Cougars and mountain sheep are rarely seen by
the ordinary traveler. Captain Dutton wrote of a visit to the Kaibab in
1880: “It is difficult to say precisely wherein the charm of the sylvan
scenery of the Kaibab consists. We, who through successive summers have
wandered through its forests and parks, have come to regard it as the
most enchanting region it has been our privilege to visit.
“There is a constant succession of parks and glades--dreamy avenues of
grass and flowers winding between sylvan walls, or spreading out in
broad open meadows.... The balmy air, the dark and sombre spruces, the
pale-green aspens, the golden shafts of sunshine shot through their
foliage, the velvet sward--surely this is the home of the woodland
nymphs.”
[Illustration: _The Filigreed Walls of Bryce Canyon_]
The North Rim of the Grand Canyon
The Grand Canyon is the supreme epic of erosion; there water has
perpetuated its sublimest masterpiece in stone. “The Grand Canyon fills
me with awe,” wrote Roosevelt. “It is beyond comparison--beyond
description; absolutely unparalleled throughout the wide world.”
“Wildness so Godful, cosmic, primeval, bestows a new sense of the
earth’s beauty and size,” said John Muir. “By far the most sublime of
all earthly spectacles,” is the opinion of world travelers who have
studied its grandeur.
The Grand Canyon may be described as a vast and intricate range of
sunken mountains cut through a hundred miles of high plateau, “a
mountain chain reversed.” Usually it is pictured as a colossal chasm,
220 miles in length, a mile deep and some twelve miles wide; but it is
more precisely a measureless labyrinth of canyons with an infinite array
of magnificent architectural forms upthrust from their depths. Deep down
in the uttermost gorge of granite, the Colorado, “the rushingest,
roaringest” river in the land, grinds ceaselessly at the rocks.
Numberless rich and vivid tones of gray, green, blue, red and mauve tint
its mighty walls and temples, and, independent of these, the sunlight
pours daily into the chasm a shifting color parade of exquisite blues
and purples, glowing reds and golds.
Of the Kaibab division of the Grand Canyon, Captain Dutton states: “It
is the sublimest portion of the chasm, being nearly a thousand feet
deeper than any other, far more diversified and complex and is adorned
with a multitude of magnificent features, either wanting or much less
strongly represented elsewhere.” According to the _U. S. Geological
Survey_, the Kaibab division is from seven to fourteen miles wide and
from 5,300 to 6,000 feet deep. The elevation of the North Rim is from
8,000 to 9,000 feet and it is eroded extensively into tremendous lateral
gorges and amphitheatres. The North Rim has the incomparable Kaibab
Forest, uncounted unexplored cliff dwellings, and a summer climate
distinguished by unfailingly cool nights. Along its winding edge are a
number of noted capes and headlands that reveal some of the grandest
aspects of the Canyon.
[Illustration: _Natural Bridge, Bryce Canyon_]
[Illustration: _Bluebeard’s Castle, Bryce Canyon_]
Bright Angel Point stretches out between the Transept and Bright Angel
Canyon; from its dizzy tip may be seen many of the finest temples: Deva,
Brahma, Zoroaster, Wotan’s Throne, Manu, Buddha, Isis, Angels Gate and
Cheops Pyramid. Near by is a picturesque spring with a perfectly
preserved cliff dwelling adjacent. The Kaibab Trail descends from the
Point to the Suspension Bridge across the Colorado River, where it joins
the Bright Angel Trail to the South Rim.
Cape Royal, Cape Final and Point Imperial are on the huge Walhalla
Plateau (locally called “Greenland”) southeast of Bright Angel Camp, and
each reveals panoramas of greatest grandeur. Point Imperial, the highest
place on the Rim, affords views of the Marble Canyon, Lee’s Ferry,
Navajo Mountain and Houserock Valley. The wonderful views from Cape
Royal extend west, south and east over the templed gorge. On the way to
Cape Royal are Cliff Spring, many cliff dwelling ruins and Angels
Window.
Point Sublime, west of Bright Angel Point, is another celebrated
viewpoint, esteemed by Dutton to surpass all others. Thence may be seen
the Hindu and Aztec amphitheatres, Powell Plateau, the Dragon, the
Scorpion, and imperial Shiva, perhaps the most magnificent of all the
Canyon’s glorious temples.
Every visitor to the North Rim of Grand Canyon should make the trip to
Cape Royal and Point Sublime.
[Illustration: _The Wall of Windows, Bryce Canyon_]
[Illustration: _The Sculptor’s Studio, Bryce Canyon_]
From the North Rim of Grand Canyon to Bryce Canyon
The route between Fredonia and the North Rim has been described on the
foregoing pages. North of Fredonia the way leads to Kanab, Utah, a
thriving village at the foot of the Vermilion Cliffs and 120 miles from
the nearest railroad. Thence it continues through the Vermilion Cliffs
by way of picturesque Three Lakes Canyon, across dunes of pink sand, and
down to the canyon of the Parunuweap, cut through the majestic White
Cliffs. Splendid panoramas of the temples and towers of Zion are
disclosed.
The highway follows Parunuweap River through Long Valley to its source,
passing the Mormon villages, Mt. Carmel, Orderville and Glendale. The
regions traversed are of unusual and unflagging scenic interest; many of
the rugged and tortuous side canyons, which contain cliff dwellings,
give glimpses of impressive formations.
The traveler ascends the Terraced Plateaus from the Shinarump and the
Vermilion to the Pink Cliffs, vivid exposures of which, capped by lava,
may be seen on distant eminences. Chamberlain’s Lake, north of Glendale,
is a deep, cold tarn fed by a great spring. At Cedar Breaks Junction the
road crosses from the Colorado drainage system into the Great Basin. The
remainder of the route to Bryce Canyon has been described on page 22.
Now Easy To Get There
Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon National Monument, Cedar Breaks, Kaibab
National Forest and the North Rim of Grand Canyon are reached via the
through service of the Union Pacific System by way of Lund, Utah, to
Cedar City, Utah, the railroad terminus. Lund is on the main line of the
Union Pacific to Southern California, 243 miles southwest of Salt Lake
City, 541 miles northeast of Los Angeles. From Lund a branch line of the
Union Pacific extends thirty-three miles southeastward to Cedar City.
During the season through sleeping cars are operated from Salt Lake City
to Cedar City and all through trains will stop at Lund, whence there is
direct connecting service to Cedar City.
[Illustration: _The Goblins’ Grotto, Bryce Canyon_]
[Illustration: _Spires and Minarets, Bryce Canyon_]
Very low round-trip Summer Excursion Fares, with liberal limits and
stop-over privileges, are in effect during the season to Cedar City and
the scenic regions of Southern Utah. Likewise, low side-trip excursion
fares to Cedar City and return are available for Pacific Coast
passengers traveling via the Union Pacific System; $2.10 from Lund for
those en route to or from Southern California, and $13.75 from Salt Lake
City for those en route to San Francisco, the Pacific Northwest or
Yellowstone Park, during the season.
From Cedar City the Utah Parks Company, a subsidiary of the Union
Pacific System, operates on regular schedules during the season a fleet
of powerful eleven-passenger automobiles of the latest and most
comfortable design to Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks and Bryce Canyon
National Monument. Automobiles of the Utah & Grand Canyon Transportation
Company (operated independently), also maintaining regular schedules,
connect at Zion Park and at Bryce Canyon for the Kaibab Forest and the
North Rim of Grand Canyon. There are good roads, constantly being
improved, between Cedar City and Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks and
Bryce Canyon National Monument; the roads between Zion Canyon and Bryce
Canyon and the North Rim of Grand Canyon are fair, safe to travel, and
are also undergoing improvement. Excellent lodges and camps are
maintained at places where stop-overs are desirable.
The schedules of the automobiles, fares, accommodation at lodges, etc.,
are shown in detail on pages 39 to 43. Advance reservations made through
any Union Pacific representative listed on page 47 will insure
accommodations in automobiles, as well as at the lodges and camps.
Inasmuch as the trip to Zion, Bryce and the North Rim of Grand Canyon is
one of unusual character, unlike, in fact, any other in the United
States, the traveler is urged to use the services of a Union Pacific
representative in planning his itinerary. This may be done by letter,
telephone or personal call; there is no charge for the service.
[Illustration: _Deer in Kaibab National Forest_]
Season and Climate
The season in Zion National Park is from May 15 to October 15; at Bryce
Canyon and the North Rim of Grand Canyon from June 1 to October 15.
Dates of operation and conditions are shown in connection with all tours
on pages 39-40-41.
The climate in Zion National Park is mild throughout the season. At
Bryce Canyon and Cedar Breaks, farther north and at higher elevations,
cool weather may be expected at night both early and late in the season.
In the Kaibab Forest and at the North Rim of Grand Canyon, cool nights
are to be expected.
Southern Utah and Northern Arizona are regions of clear, dry, sunny
days, delightfully exhilarating and followed by refreshing nights. There
are occasional showers throughout the country during the summer season.
Cedar City
Gateway to Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon National Monument, Cedar
Breaks, Kaibab Forest, North Rim Grand Canyon National Park
All automobile tours start at Cedar City, Utah, a prosperous and
picturesque Mormon city of 3,000 inhabitants, on the edge of the
Escalante Plain, at the foot of the Markagunt Plateau, at an elevation
of 5,750 feet. Coming from Lund, one may glimpse in the distant east and
nearly 5,000 feet above him, some of the rosy palisades of Cedar Breaks.
Cedar City has a good hotel, water system, electric lights, a bank,
photoplay theatre, well stocked stores, hospital, Carnegie Library,
Mormon Tabernacle, a branch of the State Agricultural College, and a new
and handsome railway station. On the edge of the town is a band of Piute
Indians, the original inhabitants of the country, who sell buckskin
gloves, moccasins and other articles. The prosperity of Cedar City is
derived from sheep, wool, cattle, agriculture and the recent development
of vast deposits of iron in the Iron Mountains, twelve miles away. The
community, founded by Mormon leaders in 1851, was named from the
abundance of cedar trees in the vicinity.
El Escalante Hotel
This handsome new Union Pacific hotel at Cedar City would be an
outstanding establishment in a metropolis. It is a three-story structure
of cream brick with sweeping wings and a broad verandah; seventy-five
guest rooms with tub and shower baths; a spacious dining room; a banquet
room, ballroom, billiard room, barber shop, and a luxurious lobby. The
dining-room service is of the highest metropolitan standard and many
delicacies from the local markets are included in the menus. El
Escalante Hotel, named after Padre Sylvestre de Escalante, the Spanish
explorer-priest who was the first white man to visit the region (1776),
is adjacent to the Union Pacific Station. Reservations and arrangements
for any automobile tours may be made in the lobby.
[Illustration: _In the Kaibab National Forest_]
Accommodations in Zion National Park
The Utah Parks Company maintains in Zion National Park, in a beautiful
court beside the Mukuntuweap River at the foot of Red Arch Mountain and
near the Great White Throne, one of the finest viewpoints in the Canyon,
a handsome rustic Lodge Center and forty-six double guest lodges,
accommodating 184 persons.
The Lodge Center is a two-story structure of native pine, with
foundations and columns of rubble masonry. There is a broad verandah, a
spacious lobby and lounging room, with a huge fireplace of rough stone,
Navajo rugs, a radio set, retiring rooms and shower baths for men and
women on the main floor. The attractive and commodious dining room,
accommodating 100 guests, also with a fireplace, is on the second floor.
Each room in the cosy double lodges of native pine and fir is separate
and private, although two may be used en suite by family parties. The
rooms contain two single beds or one double bed, a stove, dressing
table, chairs, rugs, and are lighted by two double windows. All of the
furnishings are new and thoroughly comfortable and the service is
thoughtful and courteous. The evening camp fire is a pleasing feature.
Zion Lodge is a delightful place to linger.
[Illustration: _Sunset at North Rim, Grand Canyon_]
What To Do in Zion--the Trails
The visitor who merely rides in an automobile to Zion Lodge and goes no
farther will obtain an entirely inadequate impression of its beauty.
There are two trips that none should miss. One is to the Narrows. An
automobile road extends to the Temple of Sinawava, whence it is a walk
of about two miles; or, horses may be ridden all the way from the Lodge,
a distance of about six miles. The other trip is up the spectacular West
Rim Trail either to the West Rim, with a nine-mile loop on the crest (an
all-day trip) or to Angels Landing (a half-day trip); the West Rim Trail
is perhaps one of the most scenic in the entire National Park System.
There is also a trail up Cable Mountain to the East Rim, where splendid
panoramas are unfolded. The trail up Lady Mountain, two miles in length,
has 1,400 steps chiseled from the rock, two ladders and 2,000 feet of
hand cable. A short walk east from the Lodge leads to a pretty waterfall
and a rock-bound pool. Other interesting little excursions may be made
and the guides will gladly give suggestions.
Accommodations at Bryce Canyon
The Utah Parks Company maintains near the rim of Bryce Canyon an
attractive rustic Lodge Center with a portico supported by massive logs.
Bryce Lodge Center contains a hospitable lobby and lounge carpeted with
Navajo rugs, and with a fireplace, a spacious dining room accommodating
100 guests, radio set, and retiring rooms and shower baths for men and
women on the main floor.
In the pines adjacent to the Lodge Center are forty-six double guest
lodges of native pine, accommodating 184 persons; each chamber is
separate and private although they may be used en suite, if desired.
Each room contains two single beds or one double bed, stove, dressing
table, chairs, rugs and two double windows, all new, comfortable and
kept in spotless condition. Bryce Lodge is a short distance from the rim
of the Canyon at one of its most enchanting viewpoints. There is a camp
fire gathering each night.
[Illustration: _Bright Angel Point, North Rim, Grand Canyon_]
Accommodations at the North Rim of Grand Canyon and in the Kaibab
Forest[2]
On the North Rim of Grand Canyon, adjacent to Bright Angel Point, is the
“Wylie” Bright Angel Camp consisting of a central dining tent and social
room and comfortable tent cottages accommodating forty persons.
Wholesome food is served and all of the camp accessories are spotlessly
clean. “Wylie” Bright Angel Camp is under the management of Mrs.
Elizabeth Wylie McKee.
V. T. Park Tourist Ranch, in DeMotte Park about eighteen miles north of
Bright Angel Point, consists of a central dining pavilion seating ninety
persons, and a recreation hall, ten log cabins and a dormitory
accommodating seventy-five persons. Wholesome food and clean quarters
may be had at V. T. Park Ranch, which is under the management of W. S.
Rust.
All-Expense Escorted Tours
Two weeks special vacation tours of Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks,
Bryce Canyon National Monument and Colorado will leave Chicago every
Saturday commencing June 20th and continuing through the season. These
tours are at moderate cost, are escorted by a courteous, well-informed
travel representative who relieves you of all the details by arranging
for tickets, sleeping car and hotel reservations, automobile
transportation, baggage transfers, sight-seeing guides, side-trips,
etc., leaving you free to sit back, relax, and enjoy every minute of
your vacation.
Similar tours are conducted to Yellowstone National Park and to
California. Schedules permit each tour to be combined with any other;
travelers may select a combination that appeals to individual
inclination.
These tours are maintained by the Chicago & North Western Ry. and the
Union Pacific System.
For complete information apply to
C. J. Collins, _Manager_
Department of Tours
148 South Clark St.
Chicago, Ill.
[Illustration: _Red Canyon Highway, Southern Utah_]
THE 1926 SEASON
At Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon National Monument, Cedar Breaks,
North Rim Grand Canyon and intermediate scenic regions is June 1 to
October 1.
The schedules of motor bus tours shown herein are substantially correct
except that improvement in road conditions has made possible in some
instances faster schedules between points shown.
The 1926 edition of this booklet will be correct in all particulars.
Utah Parks Company Automobile Tours from Cedar City, Utah, to Zion
National Park, Cedar Breaks, Bryce Canyon
and
Utah & Grand Canyon Transportation Co. Tours from Zion National Park
and Bryce Canyon to North Rim of Grand Canyon
The schedules and routes of the automobile tours shown herein are
subject to such changes of operating convenience or necessity as may
result from weather or road conditions.
(_Note_: The Union Pacific System shows herein the tours of the Utah &
Grand Canyon Transportation Co. between Zion National Park and Grand
Canyon, and between Bryce Canyon and Grand Canyon, merely as a matter of
information, and does not assume any responsibility therefor. All other
tours shown herein are operated by the Utah Parks Co., a subsidiary of
the Union Pacific System.)
No. 1--TO ZION NATIONAL PARK
(Season, May 15 to Oct. 15)
_1st day_-- Lv. Cedar City 8.30 a.m.
” Ar. Zion National Park 12.00 m.
_2d day_-- Lv. Zion National Park 2.30 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar City 6.00 p.m.
Automobile fare $15.00.
All-expense, including automobile transportation, four meals and one
lodging in the Park, $21.25. From May 15 to June 10, and from Sept. 15
to Oct. 15, this tour will be operated only for a minimum of three full
fares.
No. 2--TO CEDAR BREAKS
(Season, June 1 to Oct. 15)
_1st day_-- Lv. Cedar City 9.00 a.m.
” Ar. Cedar Breaks 11.00 a.m.
” Lv. Cedar Breaks 3.00 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar City 5.30 p.m.
Automobile fare, $7.50.
This tour will be operated only for a minimum of four full fares. Box
lunch, price $1.00, will be carried from Cedar City.
No. 3--TO BRYCE CANYON
(Season, June 1 to Oct. 15)
_1st day_-- Lv. Cedar City 8.30 a.m.
” Ar. Cedar Breaks 10.30 a.m.
” Lv. Cedar Breaks 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Bryce Canyon 4.30 p.m.
_2d day_-- Lv. Bryce Canyon 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar City 6.30 p.m.
Automobile fare, $20.00.
All-expense, including automobile transportation, box lunch at Cedar
Breaks, three meals and lodging at Bryce Canyon, $26.00. From June 1 to
June 10 and from Sept. 15 to Oct. 15, this tour will be operated only
for a minimum of three full fares.
[Illustration: _Salt Lake City, Utah, Showing Mormon Temple and State
Capitol_]
No. 4--TO ZION NATIONAL PARK, AND BRYCE CANYON
(Season, June 1 to Oct. 15)
Schedule of this tour is combination of No. 1 and No. 3. Automobile
fare, $35.00. All-expense, including automobile transportation, four
meals and one lodging at Zion Park, box lunch at Cedar Breaks, and three
meals and one lodging at Bryce Canyon, $47.25. Expenses at Cedar City
are not included. From June 1 to June 10, and from Sept. 15 to Oct. 15,
this tour will be operated only for a minimum of three full fares.
[Illustration: Roads mentioned in tour itineraries]
No. 5--TO NORTH RIM, GRAND CANYON
(Season, June 1 to Oct. 15)
_1st day_-- Lv. Cedar City 8.30 a.m.
” Ar. Zion National Park 12.00 m.
_2d day_-- Lv. Zion National Park 8.00 a.m.
” Ar. Pipe Spring 12.00 m.
” Lv. Pipe Spring 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Kaibab Forest 6.00 p.m.
_3d day_-- Lv. Kaibab Forest 8.00 a.m.
” Ar. Grand Canyon 9.00 a.m.
_4th day_-- Lv. Grand Canyon 8.00 a.m.
” Ar. Kanab 12.00 m.
” Lv. Kanab 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Bryce Canyon 6.00 p.m.
_5th day_-- Lv. Bryce Canyon 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar Breaks 3.30 p.m.
” Lv. Cedar Breaks 4.00 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar City 6.30 p.m.
Automobile fare, $65.00.
All-expense tour, including automobile transportation, three meals and
one lodging at Zion National Park, box lunch at Pipe Spring, two meals
and one lodging at V. T. Park in Kaibab Forest, three meals and one
lodging at North Rim of Grand Canyon, lunch at Kanab and three meals and
one lodging at Bryce Canyon, $86.75. From June 1 to June 10, and from
Sept. 15 to Oct. 15, the portion of this tour between Cedar City and
Zion National Park and Bryce Canyon will be operated only for a minimum
of three full fares, and the portion from Zion National Park to Grand
Canyon and return to Bryce Canyon, which will be operated by the Utah &
Grand Canyon Transportation Co., only for a minimum of three full fares
at any time.
No. 6--TO NORTH RIM, GRAND CANYON
(Season, June 1 to Oct. 15)
_1st day_-- Lv. Cedar City 8.30 a.m.
” Ar. Cedar Breaks 10.30 a.m.
” Lv. Cedar Breaks 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Bryce Canyon 4.30 p.m.
_2d day_-- Lv. Bryce Canyon 9.00 a.m.
” Ar. Kanab 1.00 p.m.
” Lv. Kanab 2.00 p.m.
” Ar. Kaibab Forest 6.00 p.m.
_3d day_-- Lv. Kaibab Forest 8.00 a.m.
” Ar. Grand Canyon 9.00 a.m.
_4th day_-- Lv. Grand Canyon 8.00 a.m.
” Ar. Fredonia 12.00 m.
” Lv. Fredonia 1.00 p.m.
” Ar. Zion National Park 6.00 p.m.
_5th day_-- Lv. Zion National Park 2.30 p.m.
” Ar. Cedar City 6.00 p.m.
[Illustration: _El Escalante Hotel, Cedar City, Utah_]
Automobile fare, $65.00.
All-expense tour, including automobile transportation, box lunch at
Cedar Breaks, two meals and one lodging at Bryce Canyon, lunch at Kanab,
two meals and one lodging at V. T. Park in Kaibab Forest, three meals
and one lodging at North Rim of Grand Canyon, lunch at Fredonia, and
three meals and one lodging at Zion National Park, $86.50. From June 1
to June 10, and from Sept. 15 to Oct. 15, the portion of this tour
between Cedar City and Bryce Canyon and Zion National Park will be
operated only for a minimum of three full fares, and the portion from
Bryce Canyon to Grand Canyon and return to Zion National Park will be
operated by the Utah & Grand Canyon Transportation Co. only for a
minimum of three full fares at any time.
_Note_: As tour No. 6 is merely the reverse of tour No. 5, the diagram
in connection with the latter will indicate also the outline of tour No.
6.
ONE-WAY TOURS
To and From North Rim, Grand Canyon
Persons desiring to make only the one-way trip between Cedar City and
Grand Canyon, crossing from the North Rim to South Rim, or vice versa,
may avail themselves of the portions of tours Nos. 5 and 6, as may be
necessary, at following fares:
One way between Cedar City and Grand Canyon, via Zion National Park,
$40.00. One way between Cedar City and Grand Canyon, via Bryce Canyon,
$45.00. These tours will not be operated for less than three full fares.
As a matter of information, the trip across Grand Canyon requires two
days and is made on horseback. The night is spent at Phantom Ranch, at
the bottom of the Canyon and the Rim is reached the following afternoon.
The cost, including horse, four meals, and one lodging is approximately
$30.00 per person, guide extra.
SPECIAL AUTOMOBILE SERVICE
Special automobiles (six passenger touring cars) may be chartered for
any scheduled tour, for exclusive use, on basis of $25.00 per day, or
part thereof, over and above the regular automobile per capita fare (see
pages 39 and 40) for each person for tour availed of: the minimum for
such special service will be 5 full fares plus the $25.00 per day or
part thereof. If there are more than six persons in party, an eleven
passenger type of car, if desired and if circumstances permit, will be
furnished on the same per capita basis, plus $25.00 per day or part
thereof.
BOOKINGS
The Union Pacific System maintains in many of the principal cities of
the United States, also in Toronto, Ont., representatives who will
gladly assist in making advance reservations at the lodges and camps.
This service, and any information at the command of these
representatives, is furnished, without charge, for the asking or
writing. Their names and addresses are listed on Page 47.
General Information
Excursion Tickets
From approximately May 15th to September 30th of each year, round-trip
excursion tickets at very low fares are sold from various points in the
United States and Canada to Cedar City, Utah, the rail terminus and the
gateway to the scenic attractions in Southern Utah, also via Cedar City
to Zion National Park, coupons for latter being exchangeable for those
covering any other of the tours shown on pages 39-40-41 upon payment of
difference in fares; or coupons from Cedar City for any of the tours,
including automobile transportation, and also, if desired,
accommodations at the resort lodges, may be obtained at same price upon
arrival at Cedar City.
Railroad tickets from eastern points when routed via the Union Pacific
System are honored without extra charge via Denver, thus affording
opportunity to visit Rocky Mountain National Park.
[Illustration: _Dining Room, El Escalante Hotel_]
[Illustration: _Bedroom, El Escalante Hotel_]
Cedar City As a Side Trip
Holders of one-way or excursion tickets to Pacific Coast, or to
Yellowstone Park, via the Union Pacific System, may obtain stopover at
Salt Lake City, whence a low side-trip excursion fare is in effect
during the season for Southern Utah visitors. Or if the through ticket
is to or from Southern California via Union Pacific System, stopover may
be made at Lund, Utah, whence there is also a low side-trip excursion
fare to Cedar City, only thirty-two miles from Lund.
Baggage
Baggage must not be checked beyond Cedar City. The automobiles of the
Utah Parks Co. will carry not to exceed forty pounds of hand baggage
free.
Storage charges will be waived on baggage left at Union Pacific System
stations, Salt Lake City, Ogden, Lund, Cedar City, and Los Angeles, by
passengers making any of the tours of the Utah Parks Co. from Cedar
City.
What To Wear
Warm clothing should be worn and one should be prepared for the sudden
changes of temperature common at elevations of from 8,000 to 9,000 feet.
Medium weight overcoats, jackets or sweaters should be taken. Outing
clothes, including riding breeches, stout shoes and puttees, or boots,
and serviceable gloves will add to the comfort of men and women who wish
to ride horseback, tramp or climb. Bring your camera. Field glasses are
useful.
[Illustration: _Lobby, El Escalante Hotel_]
Accommodations
CEDAR CITY--El Escalante Hotel, operated by the Union Pacific System, is
a new, modern, commodious brick hotel, first class in all its
appointments and service. Rates, without bath, $1.50 to $2.50 per day
for one person, and $2.50 to $4.00 per day for two persons; with bath
$3.00 to $4.00 per day for one person and $5.00 to $6.00 per day for two
persons. Meals a la carte at reasonable rates.
ZION NATIONAL PARK--A handsome lodge operated by the Utah Parks Co.
during the Park season affords comfortable accommodations at following
rates: breakfast $1.00; lunch $1.25; dinner $1.50; lodging $1.75.
American plan rate per day $5.50.
BRYCE CANYON--The attractive, comfortable lodge situated near the rim of
the Canyon is operated by the Utah Parks Co.: breakfast $1.00; lunch
$1.25; dinner $1.50; lodging $1.75. American plan rate per day $5.50.
GRAND CANYON (NORTH RIM)--Bright Angel “Wylie” Camp (operated by Mrs.
Elizabeth McKee), situated near Bright Angel Point within the boundaries
of the Grand Canyon National Park, has the following rates: breakfast
$1.50; lunch $1.50; dinner $1.50; lodging $1.50. American plan rate per
day $6.00.
V. T. PARK--A camp in the Kaibab National Forest (operated by W. S.
Rust), en route to, and about eighteen miles from, Bright Angel Point,
Grand Canyon, is known as the V. T. Park Tourist Ranch: breakfast $1.00;
lunch $1.25; dinner $1.25; lodging $1.50. American plan rate per day
$5.00.
[Illustration: _Zion Lodge Center, Zion National Park_]
Saddle Horses and Guides
Saddle horses and competent guides are available for all of the
interesting trail trips at reasonable rates approved by the United
States National Park Service.
AT ZION PARK (FLOOR OF CANYON) AND AT BRYCE (ON RIM)
_Rates per Person per Hour (or Fraction)_
Without Guide With Mounted Guide
One Person $1.00 $3.00
Two Persons 1.00 1.50
Three Persons 1.00 1.00
_Rates per Person per Half Day, 4 Hours_
One Person $2.50 $7.50
Two Persons 2.50 3.75
Three Persons 2.50 2.50
_Rates per Person per Day, 8 Hours_
One Person $3.50 $8.50
Two Persons 3.50 5.25
Three Persons 3.50 3.50
AT ZION PARK (EAST OR WEST RIM) AND AT BRYCE (INTO CANYON)
_Rates per Person per Day (8 Hours) with Mounted Guide_
One Person $10.00
Two Persons 7.50
Three Persons 5.00
A half-day (4 hours) trip, with mounted guide, into Bryce Canyon is also
available at following rates: one person, $9.00; two persons, $4.50
each; three or more persons, $3.00 each.
Saddle horses and guides are also available at V. T. Park Tourist Ranch
in Kaibab Forest, and at Bright Angel “Wylie” Camp, North Rim of Grand
Canyon, at reasonable rates approved by the Forest Service and the
National Park Service, respectively.
Elevations
Feet
Cedar City 5,750
Rim of Great Basin 5,500
Pine Valley Mountains 10,250
Toquerville 3,100
Floor of Zion Canyon 4,100
Summit of West Temple 7,650
Cedar Breaks (Rim) 10,300
Brian Head 11,300
Navajo Lake 9,500
Cedar Breaks Junction 7,000
Bryce Canyon (Rim) 8,000
Pipe Spring 5,000
Fredonia 4,700
V. T. Park Tourist Ranch 8,700
Bright Angel Camp (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 8,300
Bright Angel Point (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 8,153
Point Imperial (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 9,000
Cape Royal (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 7,876
Cape Final (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 7,919
Point Sublime (North Rim, Grand Canyon) 7,464
Kanab 4,925
[Illustration: _Lodge Center at Bryce Canyon and (Inset) Typical Guest
Lodge_]
Table of Distances
BY RAILROAD
Miles
Salt Lake City, Utah, to Cedar City, Utah 275
Los Angeles, Calif., to Cedar City, Utah 574
Lund, Utah, to Cedar City, Utah 32.5
BY HIGHWAY
Cedar City to Toquerville 36.2
Cedar City to Zion National Park (Entrance) 62.1
Cedar City to Zion Lodge 64.8
Cedar City to Midway 19.9
Cedar City to Cedar Breaks Jctn 45
Cedar City to Cedar Breaks 23
Cedar City to Bryce Canyon National Monument 89
Cedar City to Pipe Spring National Monument 94.6
Cedar City to Fredonia 109.7
Cedar City to V. T. Park Tourist Ranch 165
Cedar City to Bright Angel Point (North Rim, Grand Canyon 200.8
National Park, via Zion National Park)
Zion National Park to Pipe Spring 45
Zion National Park to Fredonia 60
Zion National Park to Bright Angel Point (North Rim, Grand 136
Canyon National Park)
Cedar Breaks to Midway 3.1
Cedar Breaks to Navajo Lake 10.1
Cedar Breaks to Cedar Breaks Junction 28
Cedar Breaks to Red Canyon 56
Cedar Breaks to Bryce Canyon National Monument 70
Bright Angel Point (North Rim, Grand Canyon) to V. T. Park 18
Tourist Ranch
Bright Angel Point to Fredonia 75.6
Bright Angel Point to Kanab 82.4
Bright Angel Point Cedar Breaks Jctn 123
Bright Angel Point to Bryce Canyon National Monument 164.2
BY TRAIL
Zion Lodge to Great White Throne 2
Zion Lodge to The Narrows 6
Zion Lodge to Summit of Angels Landing 2.5
Zion Lodge to Observation Point 12
Zion Lodge to West Rim 12
Zion Lodge to Ranger Station 5
Zion Lodge to Summit of Lady Mountain 2
Bryce Canyon Lodge to floor of Canyon and return 1
Bryce Canyon Lodge to Tropic 11
Bright Angel Camp to Bright Angel Point .5
Bright Angel Camp to Point Imperial 9
Bright Angel Camp to Cape Final 12
Bright Angel Camp to Cliff Spring 15
Bright Angel Camp to Cape Royal 16
Bright Angel Camp to Cliff Dweller Spring 1
Bright Angel Camp to Point Sublime 35
V. T. Park Tourist Ranch to Point Imperial 22
V. T. Park Tourist Ranch to Cape Final 25
V. T. Park Tourist Ranch to Point Sublime 23
[Illustration: _Interior of Guest Lodge, Zion National Park and Bryce
Canyon_]
Stratified Rocks of Cedar Breaks, Bryce Canyon, Zion Canyon, Grand
Canyon and Intermediate Regions
Rearranged and visualized principally from unpublished studies of Willis
T. Lee, by courtesy of the National Parks Association.
These strata presumably were once continuous over the entire Plateau
Region and the Grand Canyon. Many were much thicker than now, having
been eroded during long periods when the surface was temporarily lifted
above sea level. Altogether they may cover a creative period exceeding
ninety million years. Strata are said to be unconformable when they do
not lie in regular, parallel sequence.
Read table from bottom upward for historical sequence.
1.--FROM BRYCE CANYON TO THE GRAND CANYON RIM
Cedar Breaks, some 2,000 feet higher than Bryce Canyon, is eroded from
similar formation to that at Bryce Canyon.
FORMATION PRESENT GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
DEPTH AGE
(_Feet_)
Basalt Bryce Sheets of very dark lava,
resting unconformably upon
the Pink Cliff below.
Pink Cliff 500 Eocene ″ Richly colored shales,
limestones and conglomerates,
most of them red, and
containing fossils.
Cretaceous Rocks 3000 Upper Gray to buff sandstone and
Cretaceous drab shales, alternating with
occasional coal beds.
McElmo Formation 800 Lower Shales and sandstones of many
Cretaceous colors.
Jurassic Rocks 600 Jurassic Drab shale, chocolate colored
limestone and occasional gray
gypsum beds.
White Cliff 1000 Jurassic Zion White, cross-bedded
sandstone. Modern geology
considers the White and
Vermilion Cliffs part of the
same formation, but
scenically they will always
be distinguished.
Vermilion Cliff 2000 Jurassic ″ Brilliant red, variegated,
massive sandstone.
Chinle Formation 350 Late Triassic ″ Mauve sandstone above, purple
and red shale below.
Shinarump 100 Late Triassic Brown, yellow and gray
Conglomerate conglomerate and sandstone,
celebrated for its petrified
trees.
Moenkopi 1600 Early Purple, yellowish-gray, dull
Formation Triassic red and coffee-brown
sandstones, in a great body
of rich red shale. Contains a
few layers of hard red, brown
and gray limestone and some
light-colored gypsum beds.
Known also as the Belted
Shales.
Kaibab Limestone 1800 Late The same gray, massive
Carboniferous limestone seen on the Rim of
the Grand Canyon. The road
from Cedar City to Zion
Canyon runs over it for
several miles.
II.--FROM THE GRAND CANYON RIM TO THE GRANITE GORGE
Kaibab Limestone 800 Late Grand Gray limestone formed in the
Carboniferous Canyon sea, as indicated by many
Carboniferous fossil shells.
At the Grand Canyon it is the
surface rock. In the Plateau
Country to the north, it lies
at the bottom of the series.
Coconino 300 Carboniferous ″ Very massive, cross-bedded
yellow sandstone.
Supai Formation 1100 Carboniferous ″ Alternating red shale and red
and brown sandstone, the
latter forming low cliffs.
This constitutes the greatest
red body of the Canyon wall.
Redwall Limestone 600 Carboniferous ″ Extremely hard blue or gray
limestone, forming the
greatest cliff of the Grand
Canyon. It is stained a vivid
red by the wash of the red
Supai shales above. The cliff
is a conspicuous feature of
the Canyon everywhere.
Missing Strata Devonian ″ During Devonian, Silurian and
Silurian Ordovician times, extensive
Ordovician strata were deposited upon
the Cambrian rocks below, but
were wholly eroded away
during a long uplift period
and the limestone known as
the Red Wall was deposited on
the Tonto during a succeeding
period.
Tonto Group 950 Cambrian ″ Olive green shale and
limestone, forming the broad
green floor of the Grand
Canyon, through which winds
the Granite Gorge.
Unkar and Chuar Algonkian ″ Greenish sandstones, fine
Groups known as quartzites and vividly red
the Grand shales, once 13,000 feet
Canyon Series thick, but here eroded away
till they appear only in
places.
Granite Gorge 1200 Archean ″ Schists metamorphosed from
sedentary rocks, and intruded
igneous rocks.
[Illustration: _Utah Parks Co. Automobile Specially Designed for
Southern Utah Travel_]
Footnotes
[1]_A table of the geological formations is on pages 45 and 46._
[2]_These accommodations are not operated by the Utah Parks Company and
the information given is subject to change._
Representatives of the Union Pacific System
Aberdeen, Wash. 3-4 Union Pass’r Sta., K F. E. STUDEBAKER, Dist.
and River Streets Freight and Passenger Agent
Astoria, Ore. Union Pacific System Wharf G. W. ROBERTS, District
Freight and Passenger Agent
Atlanta, Ga. 1232 Healey Building W. C. ELGIN, General Agent
Bend, Ore. E. H. McALLEN, Traveling
Freight and Passenger Agent
Birmingham, Ala. 742 Brown-Marx Building, J. H. DOUGHTY, General Agent
First Avenue and Twentieth
Street
Boise, Idaho 823 Idaho Street JOEL L. PRIEST, General Agent
Boston, Mass. 207-8 Old South Building, WILLARD MASSEY, General Agent
204 Washington Street
Butte, Mont. 229 Rialto Building, 4 HENRY COULAM, General Agent
South Main Street
Cheyenne, Wyo. Union Pacific Station O. B. STAPLETON, Ticket Agent
Chicago, Ill. 1421 Garland Building, 58 G. R. LEMMER, General Agent,
E. Washington Street Pass’r Department
Cincinnati, Ohio 704 Union Central Building, W. H. CONNOR, General Agent
Fourth and Vine Streets
J. STANLEY ORR, District
Passenger Agent
Cleveland, Ohio 941 Union Trust Building, W. H. BENHAM, General Agent
925 Euclid Avenue
Council Bluffs, City Ticket Office, 37 H. B. ELLER, City Ticket
Ia. Pearl Street Agent
Dallas, Texas 909 Magnolia Building, JULIAN NANCE, General Agent
Commerce and Akard Streets
Denver, Colo. 601 Seventeenth Street W. K. CUNDIFF, Assistant
General Passenger Agent
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Sixth and Locust Streets
Detroit, Mich. 508 Transportation A. R. MALCOLM, General Agent
Building, 131 Lafayette
Boulevard, West
Fort Collins, Union Pacific Station L. B. WHITEHEAD, Passenger
Colo. and Ticket Agent
Fresno, Calif. 207-8 Rowell Building, T. F. BROSNAHAN, General
Tulare Street and Van Ness Agent
Avenue
Glendale, Calif. 129 South Brand Boulevard C. A. REDMOND, City
Passenger Agent
Hollywood, Calif. City Ticket Office, W. L. RAMBO, City Pass’r and
Christie Hotel, 6732 Tkt. Agent
Hollywood Blvd.
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Agent, Passenger Department
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Delaware Streets
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Freight and Passenger Agent
Lincoln, Neb. City Ticket Office, 204 A. D. GRANT, General Agent
North Eleventh Street
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Los Angeles, 221 South Broadway J. CRUICKSHANK, General
Calif. Agent, Passenger Department
A. T. JACKSON, District
Passenger Agent
Milwaukee, Wis. 1205 Majestic Building, 221 E. G. CLAY, General Agent
Grand Avenue
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Street
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220 Carondelet Street
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280 Broadway
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Passenger Agent
Oakland, Calif. 409 Henshaw Building, 433 JAMES WARRACK, General Agent
Fourteenth Street
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Freight and Passenger Agent
Ogden, Utah 214 David Eccles Building, W. H. CHEVERS, General Agent
390 Twenty-Fourth Street
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Passenger Department
Pasadena, Calif. 395 East Colorado Street F. H. ADAMS, General Agent
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Building, 15th and Market
Streets
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Smithfield Street and Sixth
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Passenger Agent
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385-1/2 Washington Street Agent
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Building. Second and Center
Streets
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Main Street Agent
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Building, 1006 Fourth
Street
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Building, Frederick Avenue and Passenger Agent, St. J.
and Felix Street & G. I. Ry. Co.
St. Louis, Mo. 2053 Railway Exchange J. L. CARNEY, General Agent
Building, 611 Olive Street
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Utah Utah, Main and South Temple Passenger Agent
Sts.
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San Francisco, City Ticket Office, 673 H. A. BUCK, District
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Freight and Passenger Agent
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and Jackson St. Freight and Passenger Agent
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Freight and Passenger Agent
Toronto, Ontario 201 Canadian Pacific GEO. W. VAUX, General Agent
Building, 69 Yonge Street
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Second Streets Freight and Passenger Agent
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Passenger Station and Passenger Agent
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West Yakima Avenue and Passenger Agent
DEPARTMENT OF TOURS
(C. & N. W. Ry.--Union Pacific System)
C. J. COLLINS, Manager
148 S. Clark St., Chicago, Ill.
W. H. MURRAY
General Passenger Agent
OMAHA, NEB.
D. S. SPENCER
General Passenger Agent
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
WM. McMURRAY
General Passenger Agent
PORTLAND, ORE.
T. C. PECK
General Passenger Agent
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
JOHN L. AMOS
Assistant Traffic Manager
Deseret News Bldg.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
A. S. EDMONDS
Assistant Traffic Manager
PORTLAND, ORE.
.............
Assistant Traffic Manager
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
A. V. KIPP
Assistant Traffic Manager
415 Monadnock Bldg., 681 Market St.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
W. S. BASINGER
Passenger Traffic Manager
OMAHA, NEB.
[Illustration: This map in a higher resolution]
Transcriber’s Notes
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